Porsche 918 Spyder

The Porsche 918 Spyder is a limited-production mid-engine plug-in hybrid supercar manufactured by German automobile manufacturer Porsche.The 918 Spyder is powered by a naturally aspirated 4.6 L (4,593 cc) V8 engine, developing 447 kW (608 PS; 599 hp) at 8,700 rpm, with two electric motors delivering an additional 210 kW (286 PS; 282 hp) for a combined output of 887 PS (652 kW; 875 hp) and 1,280 N⋅m (944 lbs⋅ft) of torque. The 918 Spyder's 6.8 kWh lithium-ion battery pack delivers an all-electric range of 19 km (12 mi) under the US Environmental Protection Agency's five-cycle tests.Production began on 18 September 2013, with deliveries initially scheduled to begin in December 2013, and a starting price of ~ €611,000 (US$845,000 or GB£511,000). The 918 Spyder was sold out in December 2014 and production ended in June 2015. The 918 Spyder was first shown as a concept at the 80th Geneva Motor Show in March 2010. On 28 July 2010, after 2,000 declarations of interest, the supervisory board of Porsche AG approved series development of the 918 Spyder. The production version was unveiled at the September 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show. Porsche also unveiled the RSR racing variant of the 918 at the 2011 North American International Auto Show, which combines hybrid technology first used in the 997 GT3 R Hybrid, with styling from the 918 Spyder. But that version didn't make it to production. The 918 Spyder was the second plug-in hybrid car manufactured by Porsche, after the 2014 Panamera S E-Hybrid.The 918 Spyder is powered by a 4,593 cc (4.6 L; 280.3 cu in) naturally aspirated V8 engine built on the same architecture as the one used in the RS Spyder Le Mans Prototype racing car without any engine belts. The engine weighs 135 kg (298 lb) according to Porsche and delivers 447 kW (608 PS; 599 hp) at 8,700 rpm and 540 N⋅m (398 lbs⋅ft) of maximum torque at 6,700 rpm. This is supplemented by two electric motors delivering an additional 210 kW (286 PS; 282 hp). One 115 kW (156 PS; 154 hp) electric motor drives the rear wheels in parallel with the engine and also serves as the main generator. This motor and engine deliver power to the rear axle via a 7-speed gearbox coupled to Porsche's own PDK double-clutch system. The front 95 kW (129 PS; 127 hp) electric motor directly drives the front axle; an electric clutch decouples the motor when not in use. The total system delivers 652 kW (886 PS; 874 hp) and 1,280 N⋅m (944 lbs⋅ft) of torque.[6] Porsche provided official performance figures of 0-100 km/h (62 mph) in 2.6 seconds, 0-200 km/h (124 mph) in 7.2 seconds, 0-300 km/h (186 mph) in 19.9 seconds and a top speed of 345 km/h (214 mph).The energy storage system is a 312-cell, liquid-cooled 6.8 kWh lithium-ion battery positioned behind the passenger cell. In addition to a plug-in charge port at the passenger-side B pillar, the batteries are also charged by regenerative braking and by excess output from the engine when the car is coasting. CO2 emissions are 79 g/km and fuel consumption is 3 L/100 km (94 mpg‑imp; 78 mpg‑US) under the New European Driving Cycle (NE-DC).The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under its five-cycle tests rated the 2015 model year Porsche 918 Spyder energy consumption in all-electric mode at 50 kWh per 100 miles, which translates into a combined city/highway fuel economy of 3.5 L/100 km (81 mpg‑imp; 67 mpg‑US). When powered only by the gasoline engine, EPA's official combined city/highway fuel economy is 22 mpg‑US (11 L/100 km; 26 mpg‑imp).The 4.6 litre V8 petrol engine can recharge an empty battery on about two litres of fuel. The supplied Porsche Universal Charger requires seven hours to charge the battery on a typical 110 volt household AC socket or two hours on a dedicated Charging Dock installed with a 240 volt industrial supply. An optional DC Speed Charging Station can restore the battery to full capacity in 25 minutes.The 918 Spyder offers five different running modes: E-Drive allows the car to run under battery power alone, using the rear electric motor and front motor, giving a range of 29 kilometres (18 mi) for the concept model. The official U.S. EPA all-electric range is 12 mi (19 km). The total range with a full tank of gasoline and a fully charged battery is 420 miles (680 km) according to EPA tests.Under the E-Drive mode the car can attain a maximum speed of 150 km/h (93 mph). Two hybrid modes (Hybrid, and Race) use both the engine and electric motors to provide the desired levels of economy and performance. In Race mode a push-to-pass button initiates the Hot Lap setting, which delivers additional electrical power. The chassis is a carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic monocoque and the brake system is boosted electrically (rather than the traditional vacuum boost). The rear wing has 3 positions flushed,half & extended. In addition to the huge active wing in the back and the slotted vents in the front, the Porsche 918 Spyder has two underbody flaps, positioned in front of the front axle, which open in race mode. These openings guide air into the diffuser channels of the underbody structure, and keep the car suctioned to the ground. The braking system can also charge the battery of the electric motor by directing waste energy into it